Final answer:
The 19th-century American rhetorical situation was characterized by societal change, reflected and influenced by Realist writers, advancements in technology and publishing, religious experimentation, and political activism in journalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rhetorical situation during the 19th-century America can be understood as a dynamic interplay of writers adapting to rapid societal changes. The latter part of the nineteenth century saw Americans experimenting with new ways of thinking and challenging traditional beliefs, partly evidenced by the emergence of new religious sects and the Second Great Awakening. Amidst significant sociopolitical shifts, manifesting in the fight against injustices towards women, demands for social equality by African-Americans, and the labor movement seeking better working conditions, American writers began to focus more on contemporary society and social issues.
This shift was accompanied by a movement towards Realism in literature, with authors like William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James emphasizing characters and stories that reflected the real-life struggles and social conditions of the era. Authors crafted three-dimensional characters using ordinary speech, intertwined with plot driven by character development and struggles. Moreover, advancements in the publishing industry and technology, such as the First Transcontinental Railroad and improved printing techniques, fostered a burgeoning literary culture and expanded the reach of American literature.
While American authors faced challenges in publication, the rise of local publishing combined with improved distribution allowed for a more robust American literary scene. This period also saw the intertwining of politics and journalism, where journals became the mouthpieces of political positions and expanded the public sphere. The evolving literary scene and the political landscape provided a reflection of the broader social and cultural changes occurring in American society.