Final answer:
The most common type of diaphragmatic hernias in adults is the hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus, typically seen on the left side. Two main types are sliding and paraesophageal hernias.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common type of diaphragmatic hernias in adults is known as a hiatal hernia, in which part of the stomach herniates through the esophageal hiatus. This herniation typically occurs when the esophageal opening weakens or enlarges, allowing the stomach to protrude into the chest cavity. Hiatal hernias are more commonly seen on the left side, as the esophageal hiatus is located slightly left of the midline in the diaphragm.
There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. Sliding hiatal hernias, the most common form, occur when the gastroesophageal junction and a portion of the stomach slide upward into the chest. Paraesophageal hernias, although less common, can be more serious because the stomach can become squeezed and have its blood supply cut off.