Final answer:
The anatomical structures that must be included on a PA wrist X-ray are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anatomical structures that must be included on a PA wrist X-ray are as follows:
- Scaphoid bone: It is boat-shaped and located on the thumb side of the wrist.
- Lunate bone: It is moon-shaped and located on the back of the wrist.
- Triquetrum bone: It is three-cornered and located on the pinky side of the wrist.
- Pisiform bone: It is pea-shaped and located in front of the triquetrum bone.
- Trapezium bone: It resembles a table and is located on the thumb side of the wrist, next to the scaphoid bone.
- Trapezoid bone: It also resembles a table and is located next to the trapezium bone.
- Capitate bone: It is head-shaped and located in the center of the wrist.
- Hamate bone: It is hooked and has a prominent bony extension on its anterior side, known as the hook of the hamate bone.