Final answer:
Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer commonly found in teenagers and young adults. It presents with bone pain, swelling, and an increased risk of fractures. Diagnosis is made through a combination of lab tests, imaging, and biopsy, with early detection being critical for treatment success.
Step-by-step explanation:
Osteosarcoma Overview
Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that typically affects younger individuals, especially during the rapid growth periods associated with puberty. However, it can also occur in older adults. It usually develops in areas where the bone is growing quickly, such as near the ends of long bones like the femur, tibia, and humerus.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of osteosarcoma can include bone pain, swelling or lumps on the bones, and increased risk of fractures in the affected area. Patients might also experience symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, and anemia depending on the stage and extent of the disease.
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnosis of osteosarcoma includes a combination of laboratory tests, imaging, and special procedures. Blood tests might show elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans are essential for identifying the presence of a tumor. However, the definitive diagnosis requires a biopsy, where a sample of the abnormal tissue is examined microscopically.
Risk Factors
Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing osteosarcoma, including genetic predisposition, exposure to radiation, and having certain inherited syndromes. As with many types of cancer, early identification and treatment are key to a better prognosis.