Final answer:
A Moral compass (Option B) is the set of principles guiding an individual's behavior, which is part of moral philosophy and is informed by various ethical theories and historical philosophies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The set of principles an individual uses to guide his or her own behavior and others is known as a Moral compass (Option B). These guiding principles or moral philosophy influence and direct a person's decision-making, actions, and behavior towards what they perceive as right or wrong.
Ethics is a related discipline that focuses on the principles governing moral conduct. The discussions in Meta Ethics and the views of historical philosophies like Confucianism and Virtue Ethics contribute to how individuals determine these guiding principles.
The Golden Rule, which suggests treating others as one would like to be treated, is an example of such a principle that individuals might include in their ethical code.