Final answer:
Federal district courts have jurisdiction over federal criminal cases, federal civil cases, and specialized areas like international trade and veterans' claims, encompassing a broad spectrum of the judicial system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Federal district courts have jurisdiction over a variety of cases, and this includes hearing both federal criminal cases and federal civil cases. Specific types of matters that can be heard by these courts include those involving the U.S. Constitution, federal law, and certain disputes that become federal cases due to their nature, such as those involving diversity of citizenship or damages exceeding a certain amount.
Types of criminal cases might include bank robbery or illegal drug sales, while civil cases could involve matters like employment discrimination or securities fraud. Moreover, federal district courts also deal with cases concerning interstate commerce and any case in which the United States is a party. Additionally, specialized federal courts exist that handle more particular areas of law, such as international trade, federal claims, tax issues, and veterans' claims, highlighting the comprehensiveness of the federal judiciary system.