Final answer:
Neostigmine causes bronchoconstriction by inhibiting cholinesterase, which increases acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the lungs. Albuterol, Epinephrine, Theophylline are bronchodilators, and Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the medications listed, Neostigmine (C) is the one that can cause bronchoconstriction. Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at the receptor sites. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that, when it binds to muscarinic receptors in the lungs, leads to bronchoconstriction.
Other options provided such as Albuterol and Epinephrine are sympathomimetic drugs, meaning they mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Specifically, epinephrine is used as an emergency treatment for anaphylactic shock because of its ability to cause bronchodilation and increase blood pressure. Albuterol, on the other hand, is a bronchodilator often prescribed for the treatment of asthma.
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and works by blocking histamine receptors, and Theophylline is a methylxanthine drug that acts as a bronchodilator by relaxing smooth muscle of the bronchi.