Final answer:
Socrates is the philosopher known for urging Greeks to question everything and teaching that individuals are responsible for their own morals, values, and actions. His method of dialectical questioning sought to establish ethical standards based on reason rather than myth, profoundly influencing Western thought.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Philosopher Encouraging Greeks to Question Everything
The widely admired philosopher who encouraged Greeks to question everything and taught that we are responsible for our morals, values, and actions was Socrates. Socrates is renowned for employing a rigorous process of questioning, known as dialectic or the Socratic method, to examine the essential nature of life's big questions, particularly focusing on how to live a good and virtuous life. He challenged the prevalent moral relativism of his time by searching for absolute ethical standards, which he believed should apply to everyone, including the gods themselves.
Socrates profoundly influenced Western philosophy and ethics. His pupils, Plato and subsequently Aristotle, carried on his legacy, shaping the way people in the West thought about reality, ethics, and the organization of society. These philosophical inquiries led to the development of critical thinking and rationale, setting the foundations for modern institutions and ethical frameworks.
Regarded as one of the founders of Western philosophy, Socrates questioned traditional values and divine decrees through reason and dialogue. His commitment to finding truth and his method of intellectual inquiry have inspired generations of thinkers and continue to influence our understanding of ethics and personal responsibility to this day.