Final answer:
Aristotle, a famous student of Plato, established the Lyceum and developed theories emphasizing empirical research, contrasting Plato's idea of forms. Aristotle's works profoundly impacted various disciplines and along with Plato's notion of philosopher-kings, significantly shaped Western philosophy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aristotle was a famous student of Plato and is known for his extensive contributions to various fields of philosophy and science. Among his most renowned legacies is the establishment of his own sc, the Lyceum. However, Aristotle is also celebrated for his divergent views from his teacher, emphasizing empirical observation and analysis to understand the natural world and politics, leading to the concept that humans are "political animals." His work influenced numerous areas such as ethics, metaphysics, biology, and politics.
The philosophical lineage comprising Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and subsequently Alexander the Great, forms one of the most remarkable intellectual chains in history, significantly shaping Western philosophy and the world beyond.
Plato's lasting contribution, beyond educating Aristotle, was the establishment of the Academy and his works, such as The Republic, which introduced the influential idea of philosopher-kings as ideal leaders, impacting political thought for centuries.