Final answer:
Energy metabolism refers to the biological processes that convert nutrients into ATP, the primary energy carrier in cells. Glucose and other carbohydrates are catabolized in these pathways to regenerate ATP from ADP, supporting various cellular functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of generating energy (in the form of ATP) from nutrients we consume in our diet is referred to as energy metabolism.
Energy metabolism is essential for all living organisms as it involves the biochemical processes that occur within cells to maintain life. The primary molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Carbohydrates like glucose are broken down through metabolic pathways, resulting in the production of ATP, which can then be used for various cellular activities.
During catabolism, glucose and other sugars such as fructose and galactose are metabolized, releasing the energy needed to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into ATP. This regenerating of ATP occurs via two main processes: substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis). The energy from ATP is then harnessed to power the multitude of endergonic (energy-consuming) reactions necessary for cellular function, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and nutrient absorption.