Final answer:
Criterion-based validity is the type of validity established by comparing an instrument or test against a pre-established measurement, known as a criterion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of validity that is established by a comparison to another measurement is criterion-based validity. This type of validity is determined by checking whether the instrument or test predicts or correlates with a pre-established measurement, known as a criterion. For example, if you develop a new test for job performance, criterion-based validity would be supported if the test scores were closely related to actual job performance scores. This comparison to an external criterion helps to establish the instrument's accuracy in measuring a particular construct.