Final answer:
The mental disorder characterized by mood swings between euphoria and depression is called bipolar disorder. It involves alternating periods of manic and depressive episodes and is treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mental disorder characterized by mood swings that vary between euphoria and depression is known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder, previously referred to as manic depression, involves periods where individuals experience manic episodes—characterized by heightened mood, increased energy levels, and sometimes, an inflated sense of self-esteem or grandiosity—alternating with episodes of depression, which include feelings of intense sadness, hopelessness, lethargy, and often a loss of interest in everyday activities.
Treatments for bipolar disorder include a combination of psychotherapy and medication, such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotic drugs.
Bipolar disorder significantly affects an individual's ability to carry out their day-to-day tasks during both the high and low phases of the condition.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, are among the most common causes of hospitalizations related to mental health in the U.S., suggesting a substantial impact on overall public health. Additionally, many other mood disorders may have symptoms overlapping with personality disorders, creating complexities in diagnosis and treatment.
Mood disorders are prevalent, and bipolar disorder is one such condition that has profound effects on individuals' lives. While the exact etiology remains uncertain, a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors is believed to contribute to the development and progression of bipolar disorder. An accurate diagnosis, followed by comprehensive treatment, is essential for managing the symptoms effectively.