Final answer:
Credit card bills typically represent chronic stress, while assignments and final exams could be acute stress or eustress based on individual appraisal. The initial judgment of these as threats or challenges is termed primary appraisal. Option d
Step-by-step explanation:
Credit card bills, assignments, and final exams are examples of stress that might be appraised differently depending on the individual. However, credit card debt is often an ongoing concern that might be considered as chronic stress, since it persists over an extended period of time.
Assignments and final exams can create both types of stress depending on the timeframe and perceived threat to wellbeing. They may be classified as acute stress if they are seen as short-term challenges that elicit a stress response, or as eustress if they are perceived as opportunities for personal growth and positive development.
Additionally, the manner in which an individual recognizes and judges a stressor is known as primary appraisal. Stress resulting from this appraisal is then followed by secondary appraisal, which involves considering whether resources are available to cope with the stressor.
For example, facing final exams might be appraised as a challenge if one feels well-prepared, or as a threat if one feels underprepared and lacking effective strategies to cope with the exams. Option d