Final answer:
The atmospheric condition at a particular location and time is called weather, and it includes various phenomena such as temperature and precipitation, influenced mainly by atmospheric circulation within the troposphere.
Step-by-step explanation:
The atmospheric condition at a particular location at a particular moment in time is called weather. Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere, including such phenomena as temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, and precipitation. These conditions are the result of the circulation of the atmosphere, which is powered by energy from the sunlight heating the Earth's surface.
This circulation is confined mainly to the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending approximately 12 km above the Earth. The atmosphere itself is composed mainly of nitrogen (N₂) and oxygen (O₂), along with important trace gases such as water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and ozone (O₃). The atmosphere's structure also includes the stratosphere, mesosphere, and ionosphere, and its composition can influence temperature and atmospheric circulation.