Final answer:
The Russian Revolution, fuelled by public dissent and the rise of socialist ideologies, led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the eventual execution of the Romanov family, ending their rule and paving the way for the rise of communism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fall of the Romanov Dynasty was precipitated by the Russian Revolution, which stemmed from widespread disillusionment with the autocratic rule and the growing influence of socialist and Marxist ideologies among the Russian populace. During the 1905 Revolution, long-standing issues, including the Russo-Japanese War and a stagnant bureaucracy, exacerbated public discontent. The ruling Romanov tsars had been the absolute monarchs of Russia since the 1600s, governing without much regard for public opinion or the rising liberal ideologies that had gained traction in Europe.
By the time of the February Revolution in 1917, the failure of Tsar Nicholas II to address the urgent demands of a war-ravaged and dissatisfied populace ultimately led to his abdication. The Bolsheviks, a political faction advocating for socialist revolution and led by Vladimir Lenin, seized this opportunity to overthrow the provisional government. The Romanovs' fate was sealed with their execution in July 1918 by revolutionaries, effectively ending more than three centuries of their rule.
The Russian Revolution had a profound effect, not only bringing about the end of the Romanov Dynasty but also signaling the rise of communism and the creation of the Soviet Union, forever altering the political landscape of Russia and impacting the course of World War I.