Final answer:
Different research methods for studying deviance include surveys, participant observation, ethnography, case studies, and secondary data analysis, each with unique strengths and weaknesses tailored to different research needs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Researching deviance involves a variety of methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Surveys are advantageous as they allow for large data collection from a broad population, leading to results generalizable to a larger group. However, they may suffer from limitations due to self-reporting bias. Participant observation and ethnography provide deep qualitative insights and detail but may not be generalizable due to small sample sizes. Case studies offer in-depth analysis of individual or group behavior but can lack representativeness. Secondary data analysis utilizes existing data sets, which can be cost-effective but may lack control over data quality. Considering these methods, sociologists and psychologists may choose different approaches based on their disciplinary perspectives and research questions.
In considering research on a famous politician's arrest, a sociologist might employ historical secondary data analysis to understand the societal patterns influencing the event, while a psychologist may use case studies to delve into the individual's behavior. Such disciplinary approaches highlight the diversity of methodologies in researching deviant behavior.