Final answer:
The different conceptions of deviance are the objective, subjective, and critical perspectives. The objective perspective defines deviance based on established norms. The subjective perspective views deviance as a social construct influenced by individual interpretations. The critical perspective examines deviance as a result of social inequalities. Each perspective has its strengths and weaknesses, and the interpretation of specific behaviors would depend on the perspective used.
Step-by-step explanation:
Objective Conception of Deviance:
The objective conception of deviance views deviant behavior as a violation of established norms. It focuses on the action itself and seeks to identify and label behaviors that go against societal standards. For example, someone who engages in theft or vandalism would be considered deviant.
Subjective Conception of Deviance:
The subjective conception of deviance considers deviance as a social construct, meaning it is defined by individuals or groups within a society. It emphasizes the role of interpretation and perception in labeling behaviors as deviant. An example would be how different cultures or subcultures view body modifications such as tattoos or piercings.
Critical Conception of Deviance:
The critical conception of deviance takes into account the broader social, cultural, and economic factors that contribute to deviant behavior. It seeks to understand deviance as a result of power dynamics and social inequalities. For instance, it examines how poverty, lack of opportunities, or discrimination can lead to criminal behavior.
Each perspective has its strengths and weaknesses. The objective conception provides clarity and consistency in defining deviance, but it may overlook the social context and subjective interpretations. The subjective conception acknowledges the influence of social norms and cultural differences, but it can be subjective and vary from person to person. The critical conception highlights the underlying causes of deviance, but it may overlook individual agency and responsibility.
The interpretation of a particular attitude, behavior, or condition would vary depending on which perspective is used. The objective perspective would focus on the action itself and consider it deviant based on established norms. The subjective perspective would take into account the cultural or subcultural interpretations and label the behavior based on individual perceptions. The critical perspective would analyze the social, economic, and power dynamics that contribute to the behavior and view it as a response to broader social inequalities.