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Call it the lag of modernity: The changes wrought by industrialization began slowly 200 years ago, accelerated through the 20th century in the West, and now are spreading exponentially around the globe. Many observers see great promise in this urbanizing trend: The efficiencies of cities can cut energy consumption up to 20 percent, transportation costs for goods and labor can drop significantly, and entertainment industries can thrive when millions live together. In other words, cities are giant cash machines, the primary locus of economic growth.

User Biduleohm
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Final answer:

Urbanization is the subject of this question, exploring the growth of cities and its impacts during the Industrial Era.

Step-by-step explanation:

Urbanization is the subject of this question. During the Industrial Era, there was a global growth spurt that led to the development of factories and the migration of people from rural to urban areas.

This shift from agrarian to industrial economies caused major population shifts and brought about significant changes in labor practices and living conditions.

While urbanization offers economic advantages, it can also lead to issues such as traffic congestion, pollution, overcrowding, and increased inequality.

User Rsanden
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