Final answer:
Utilitarianism argues that actions are moral when they produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Critics, however, believe that utilitarianism oversimplifies morality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Utilitarianism, as proposed by philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that the rightness of an action is determined by its consequences and the happiness it produces. According to utilitarianism, we act morally when our actions result in the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This philosophy can be applied to various situations, such as clinical trials and decision-making in businesses. However, critics argue that utilitarianism oversimplifies morality and fails to account for our common experience of morality.