Final answer:
Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behavior is motivated by its consequences. Reinforcement increases behavior, while punishment decreases behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. It is based on the work of B. F. Skinner. In operant conditioning, the animal learns to associate a behavior and its consequence.
The consequence can be either a reinforcer or a punisher. Reinforcement increases a behavior, while punishment decreases a behavior. Chaining a new behavior is an example of operant conditioning, as it involves teaching a complex behavior by breaking it down into smaller steps and reinforcing each step along the way.