Final answer:
True. The student's statement is true; osmotic diuresis in HHNS and DKA occurs because the kidneys cannot reabsorb excess glucose, leading to increased urine glucose, water, and electrolytes excretion. This condition can lead to significant dehydration and impact blood pressure regulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is True. Osmotic diuresis is indeed present in Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) because the kidneys cannot reabsorb the excessive glucose, which then spills over into the urine. This glucose acts as an osmotic diuretic, pulling extra water and electrolytes into the urine, resulting in their excretion. In conditions like poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, if blood glucose levels exceed the capacity of the tubular glucose symporters, the result is glucose in the urine. This unrecovered glucose attracts water, leading to diuresis, which can cause severe dehydration.
Normally, hormones such as ADH work to regulate the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. However, in the presence of osmotic diuretics like high blood glucose, this regulation can be undermined, resulting in a potentially severe loss of fluids and electrolytes. The condition, if left untreated, can contribute to blood pressure dysregulation and may lead to serious health issues such as hypotension, hypertension, stroke, heart attack, and aneurysm formation due to increased osmotic pressure and volume changes in the vascular system.