Final answer:
A learning organization is one that modifies its behavior to incorporate new knowledge and actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself. It is not typically characterized by strict bureaucratic structures, as these can inhibit the flexibility and adaptability necessary for a learning organization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the statements provided, A) It is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge and B) It actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself are true characteristics of a learning organization. These organizations are dynamic and adapt to new information, continuously improving through the acquisition and sharing of knowledge. They emphasize learning from experiences and fostering the exchange of information among employees. On the other hand, C) It focuses on creating more efficient processes to manage labor costs is not exclusively a trait of a learning organization, as it can apply to various types of organizations. Lastly, D) It is likely to have a bureaucratic structure is typically not true for a learning organization. Bureaucracies are often characterized by their rigidity, hierarchy, and adherence to protocol, which may inhibit flexibility and rapid learning that are hallmark features of learning organizations.
The concept of McDonaldization highlights a society that values efficiency and rationalization in which bureaucracies have grown to promote these aspects. However, too much adherence to explicit rules and a division of labor can hinder an organization's ability to adapt and learn, leaving it behind in today's dynamic environment. Learning organizations move away from this rigid structure to ensure continued growth and adaptability.