Final answer:
The offer of pledging real property to secure a loan is known as collateral. It is a security measure for banks to be able to recover the loan if the borrower defaults.
Step-by-step explanation:
The offer of pledging of real property to secure a loan is called collateral. In the financial capital market, banks require this as a means to ensure that the loan will be repaid. If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the bank has the right to seize and sell the collateral. This is different from a cosigner, which is another person or firm that legally pledges to repay the loan if the original borrower does not.