Final answer:
An environmental impact report is required under the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970 for significant projects that might have environmental implications. Such reports evaluate potential environmental effects, suggest mitigation strategies, analyze alternatives, and allow for public input.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, an environmental impact report must be prepared for significant projects that may have a potential impact on the environment. This includes a wide range of activities such as construction projects, developments, and infrastructure expansions.
The purpose of the environmental impact report is to assess potentially significant environmental effects of the proposed project, identify possible ways to avoid or reduce environmental damage, analyze project alternatives, and provide an opportunity for public review and comment.
Notably, these reports are similar to the federal requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which mandates an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) review for federal projects.
The importance of conducting such environmental assessments is to consider the marginal external costs along with the benefits of any project, ensuring that projects do not adversely affect resources such as water, air quality, and biodiversity.
These reports are critical in making informed decisions that balance economic growth with environmental protection.