Final answer:
The question pertains to the reaction rate of gadolinium contrast agents used in MRI. Gadolinium ions are toxic and must be used as a stable complex; the percentage of reactions to these agents is generally low, but they require caution especially in patients with kidney issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking about the percentage of adverse reactions related to the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gadolinium is a paramagnetic metal ion used in MRI contrast agents, but due to its toxic nature, it must be administered as a stable complex like DTPA5- (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) that does not dissociate in the body. These agents are designed to alter the magnetic properties of water in tissues, thereby enhancing imaging contrast and making it easier to differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues.
The exact percentage of reactions from gadolinium contrast injection can vary, but when looking at the relevant literature, the general reaction rate to gadolinium-based contrast agents is low. However, in some cases, patients may develop a condition known as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis if they have pre-existing kidney problems. As such, gadolinium contrast agents must be used with caution, and typically, renal function is assessed before their administration.