Final answer:
In the glomerular filtrate, water, salts, nutrients like amino acids and vitamins, and metabolic waste products such as urea are present as these are small enough to pass through the filtration barrier in the kidneys' nephrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The filtration process within the kidneys' nephrons begins at the glomerulus, where unfiltered blood enters. The question at hand is: What 4 components of unfiltered blood appear in the glomerular filtrate? In the glomerular filtrate, we find water, salts, organic solids such as nutrients (amino acids, vitamins), and waste products of metabolism like urea.
These substances are small enough to pass through the filtration barrier, whereas large elements like blood cells and proteins are typically excluded due to their size. Filtration at this stage is driven by blood pressure and occurs through passive diffusion, allowing these components to enter Bowman's capsule and eventually form urine after further processing along the nephron.