Final answer:
Apoptosis is not typically considered an early event of inflammation. The early events of inflammation include vasodilation, extravasation, pain, increased vascular permeability, and chemotaxis. Redness in inflammation is mainly caused by increased blood flow due to vasodilation. The correct option is d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The early events of inflammation are characterized by vasodilation, extravasation, pain, and increased vascular permeability. However, apoptosis is not typically considered an early event of inflammation. Instead, apoptosis refers to the programmed cell death that can occur at a later stage of inflammation or in other cellular processes. The main inflammatory events include redness due to increased blood flow, warmth from the vasodilation, swelling from increased vascular permeability allowing fluid to leak out into tissues, and pain from the activation of nerve endings by inflammatory chemicals like prostaglandins.
The redness associated with inflammation is primarily due to increased blood flow in the dilated blood vessels, which is caused by the actions of inflammatory mediators such as histamine. This vasodilation results in more blood reaching the affected area, contributing to the redness. While increased vascular permeability contributes to swelling by allowing fluid to leave the bloodstream and enter the tissues, it's not the direct cause of redness.
In summary, apoptosis is not an early characteristic of the inflammatory response, and the redness associated with inflammation is mainly the result of increased blood flow, not increased vascular permeability.