Final answer:
Older people can maintain high intellectual functioning by being involved in family activities, having retired from a stimulating job, and having a flexible personality, alongside engaging in physical and mental activities and maintaining social connections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Older people can maintain high intellectual functioning by doing all of the above:
a. being involved in family activities,
b. having retired from a stimulating job, and
c. having a flexible personality. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities such as playing strategic games, reading, or completing crossword puzzles can help keep one mentally fit. Maintaining an active lifestyle with regular physical exercise and a healthy diet, like the Mediterranean diet, can also mitigate physical and mental effects of aging, including cognitive decline. Furthermore, psychosocial development theories suggest that staying socially connected and finding meaningful roles in society contribute to healthier aging.
The subject of intellectual functioning in older adults is a vital aspect of gerontology which focuses on the connection between mental activity, social involvement, healthy lifestyle choices, and cognitive health. Studies have shown that an active social and mental life can lessen cognitive decline and lower the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Therefore, older individuals are encouraged to remain mentally engaged and active physically and socially throughout their elder years to sustain high intellectual function.