Final answer:
Respiratory distress is a condition characterized by difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygen exchange. It primarily occurs in premature infants due to insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant. Treatment involves various interventions such as intubation, ventilation, surfactant administration, and supportive therapies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Respiratory distress is a condition characterized by difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygen exchange. It primarily occurs in premature infants due to insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant, which prevents the lungs from properly inflating at birth. To assess respiratory distress, medical professionals evaluate the respiratory rate, blood oxygen levels, and carbon dioxide levels.
The treatment for respiratory distress includes resuscitation and intubation if the infant does not breathe on their own. Ventilation may be provided through a ventilator, and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may be applied if spontaneous breathing occurs. Pulmonary surfactant is typically administered to aid in lung inflation. Other therapies such as corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen, and assisted ventilation may also be used. Supportive therapies, including temperature regulation, nutritional support, and antibiotics, may be administered to premature infants as well.