Final answer:
Lucille's nausea at the smell of chicken after a previous instance of food poisoning is a conditioned response, an instance of taste aversion where the smell of chicken, previously a neutral stimulus, is now associated with the negative experience of being ill. Option 1 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Lucille went to a local restaurant and ate undercooked chicken which led to food poisoning, she developed an aversion to the chicken. Upon her return to the restaurant several weeks later, her immediate feeling of nausea upon smelling the chicken is best described as a conditioned response.
This type of learning is known as taste aversion, where an organism learns to associate a particular food with an uncomfortable or adverse reaction, a powerful form of classical conditioning that can occur even with an extended time lapse between the food intake and the negative stimulus.
Research into taste aversion suggests it may be an evolutionary adaptation to help organisms quickly learn to avoid harmful foods, as shown in the studies by Garcia and Koelling. Thus, Lucille's reaction is not just psychological but could also be an innate biological response geared towards survival.
This response is Option 1: Conditioned response, which is learned rather than innate, and it occurs when a previously neutral stimulus—like the smell of chicken—becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, which is the food poisoning Lucille experienced after eating the chicken.