Final answer:
A Presidential/Parliamentary system, or hybrid system, incorporates elements of presidential and parliamentary systems, featuring two chief executives: a president and a prime minister. In a semi-presidential system, an independently elected president and a prime minister share power, with the prime minister needing parliamentary majority. In contrast, a parliamentary system combines executive and legislative branches, with the prime minister chosen from the legislature's majority party.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Presidential/Parliamentary system often referred to as a hybrid system, combines elements of both presidential and parliamentary systems of government. In this framework, there are typically two chief executives: a president and a prime minister. The president is usually elected directly by the voters and may serve as a symbolic figurehead, as is common in countries with historical monarchy roots. However, in some countries like France, the president also holds significant policy-making power.
In a semi-presidential system, aspects of both presidential and parliamentary systems are blended. The president is elected independently of the legislative branch and is not solely dependent on it but must collaborate with it due to shared powers. The prime minister, usually appointed by the president, must secure a majority in the parliament to govern effectively. Cohabitation, where the president and prime minister belong to different political parties, is possible within this system.
Contrastingly, in a parliamentary system, the executive and legislative branches are intertwined, with the political head of state, typically known as the prime minister, being chosen from the majority party in the legislature. The prime minister may also serve as an advisor to the figurative or ceremonial head of state, which can be a monarch. Some nations have a parliamentary republic with an executive presidency, wherein the president is both the head of state and the head of government, and may not necessarily require parliamentary confidence.