Final answer:
The First Punic War was the conflict between Rome and Carthage over control of Sicily, starting in 264 BCE and leading to Rome's victory and the island's annexation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conflict that pitted Rome against Carthage over Sicily is known as the First Punic War. This struggle began in 264 BCE when Rome saw an opportunity to assert its power in the region, taking advantage of the dispute between Syracuse and Messina. The war saw various tactical innovations, such as the Romans adapting their naval tactics to overcome the Carthaginians' superior fleet. Despite early setbacks, Rome's persistence in the war effort led to their victory, with Carthage eventually suing for peace and ceding control of Sicily to Rome.