Final answer:
The structure reflected subperiostally and laterally during the anterior approach to the cervical spine is the longus colli muscle. This method is used to expose the vertebral bodies for surgical procedures such as discectomy or fusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure that is reflected subperiosteally and laterally during the anterior approach to the cervical spine to expose the anterior vertebral body is the longus colli muscle. This muscle lies on either side of the cervical spine and is covered with a layer of fascia that is carefully dissected during surgery to provide access to the vertebrae. The technique involves reflecting the longus colli muscle to expose the anterior surfaces of the cervical vertebral bodies, from which the intervertebral disc or bony spurs can be removed if necessary.
Radiating from the vertebral body are multiple structural components critical for spinal stability and movement such as the vertebral arch, consisting of pedicles and laminae, transverse processes, spinous processes, and articular processes. The vertebral body, serving as the weight-bearing portion, is a key element of the anterior cervical spine that is approached and visualized during surgeries such as discectomy or spinal fusion. The transverse and articular processes play a critical role in the mobility and articulation of the vertebrae but are not the focal point during this specific anterior approach.
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