Final answer:
A bending moment applied to a long bone along its longitudinal axis typically causes a transverse fracture, which occurs straight across the bone's long axis. The correct answer is option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a bending moment is applied to a long bone while the bone is loaded along its longitudinal axis, the resulting fracture pattern is typically a transverse fracture. This type of fracture occurs straight across the long axis of the bone and is a result of stress that is perpendicular to the bone's long axis. In contrast, other types of fractures such as oblique, spiral, greenstick, and comminuted fractures are characterized by different patterns and mechanisms of injury. For example, an oblique fracture occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees to the bone's axis, while a spiral fracture is caused by bone segments being pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion.
The fracture pattern created by a bending moment applied to a long bone while the bone is loaded along its longitudinal axis is an Oblique fracture. This type of fracture occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees and results in one fragment being driven into the other, usually as a result of compression.