Final answer:
English language learners often face challenges with limited vocabulary, language proficiency, and difficulty with grammar and punctuation; however, lack of interest and motivation are not inherent linguistic challenges.
Step-by-step explanation:
English language learners encounter several challenges as they learn to write, but among the options provided, the problems that are directly related to the learning process include limited vocabulary and language proficiency, as well as difficulty with punctuation and grammar. Limited vocabulary can hinder the expression of complex ideas and make it hard for learners to convey their messages effectively. In addition, learners often struggle with the rules of grammar and punctuation, which can differ significantly from their native language and hence cause confusion and errors in writing.
The other two options mentioned, such as lack of interest in writing activities and strong motivation to improve writing skills, are factors related to learners' attitudes rather than linguistic challenges. While these may affect the learning process, they are not inherent problems associated with language acquisition.
Multilingual writers may also encounter issues with transferring writing conventions from their first language to English, leading to rhetorical and stylistic differences. Moreover, societal attitudes towards diverse English dialects and language varieties can often result in discrimination or devaluation of non-standard forms, potentially affecting the confidence of English language learners.