Final answer:
The terms for the descriptions are: optimal path, vector, acceleration, origin, displacement, and instantaneous velocity.
Step-by-step explanation:
a. The shortest path from start to finish is called the optimal path.
b. A physical quantity with magnitude and direction is called a vector.
c. The quantity defined as a change in velocity over a time period is called acceleration.
d. The point from where you take measurements is called the origin.
e. The distance covered in a time interval is called displacement.
f. The velocity at a specific instant in time is called instantaneous velocity.