Final answer:
Syntax errors are violations of programming language rules, runtime errors occur during program execution, and logical errors produce incorrect results.
Step-by-step explanation:
Syntax Errors:
Syntax errors occur when the code violates the rules of the programming language. They are usually detected by the compiler or interpreter before the program is executed. An example of a syntax error is when a programmer forgets to close a parenthesis or puts a semicolon in the wrong place.
Runtime Errors:
Runtime errors occur during the execution of the program and cause it to terminate prematurely. They are usually caused by invalid input or unexpected conditions. For example, if a program tries to divide a number by zero, a runtime error called 'division by zero' occurs.
Logical Errors:
Logical errors also occur during the execution of the program, but they do not cause the program to crash. Instead, they produce incorrect results. Logical errors are harder to detect and debug because the program runs without any error messages. An example of a logical error is when a program calculates the average of a set of numbers, but mistakenly uses the wrong formula.