Final answer:
Differentiation in biology is the process where unspecialized cells become specialized, akin to actors reading their unique parts from a universal script, leading to unique cell functions. It also denotes increasing specialization in societal structures and can be compared philosophically to understanding the universe via self-reflection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'differentiation' in biology refers to the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function. This means that cells develop distinct characteristics and capabilities, analogous to actors reading only their specific parts from a movie script, despite having access to the entire script. Each cell types, such as neurons or epithelial cells, only 'reads' the portions of DNA relevant to its own function, leading to the unique genetic expression of each cell.
In societies, differentiation can also refer to the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure. Furthermore, philosophical and spiritual traditions, like the Vedic texts, illustrate a structural analogy between the self and the universe, indicating that self-reflection can lead to a deeper understanding of the cosmos, paralleling the concept of individualization in biology and society.