Final answer:
The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein, connected by peptide bonds, is known as the protein's primary structure. It is the most fundamental level of protein structure and determines how the protein will fold and function. Changes in the primary structure can have significant impacts on the protein's activity and role in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The linear sequence of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is the primary structure of a protein molecule. Proteins have four organizational levels, and the primary structure is the most fundamental, representing the unique sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. Each amino acid is connected to the next by a peptide bond, which is a key component in the primary structure. This sequence dictates how the protein will fold into more complex shapes that are necessary for the protein's function.
The primary structure is critical because any alteration in the amino acid sequence can affect a protein's overall structure and function. For instance, the primary structure of insulin, which is composed of 51 amino acids, determines its ability to regulate blood sugar levels in the body. Incorrect sequencing can lead to diseases or dysfunction.