Final answer:
Epidermal cells originate from the meristem known as the stratum basale, which is comprised of basal cells that divide to produce new keratinocytes forming the epidermis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Epidermal cells come from the meristem known as the stratum basale. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis that attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, which then connects to the dermis. This layer contains a type of stem cell called basal cells, which continually undergo cell division, producing new keratinocytes. The keratinocytes make up at least 90 percent of the epidermis, moving upwards and producing keratin, becoming the protective outermost layer after they die and are shed off.
The cells in the stratum basale bond with the dermis via intertwining collagen fibers, forming a strong connection. Additionally, this layer also houses Merkel cells for touch sensation and melanocytes for pigment production. Understanding the regeneration and roles of various cells in the epidermis is crucial for comprehending skin health and conditions such as basal cell carcinoma.