Final answer:
In pétanque, the second ball is thrown by the player or team that does not have the closest boule to the cochonnet after the first player or team throws.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the game of pétanque, the player who throws out the second ball is typically the one who did not win the initial round of play. The game starts with the toss of a small ball called a cochonnet. Then the first player or team throws their boule (the round metal ball). If their boule is not closest to the cochonnet, they continue to throw their boules until they either get one closer than the opponent's or they run out of boules.
If the first player or team does manage to throw a boule closer to the cochonnet, the opposing player or team takes their turn to throw. So, the person who goes second is typically responding to the results of the first player's or team's throw.