Final answer:
The common name for the compound with the structure [(CH3)2CHCHO] is isobutyraldehyde. It is derived from aldehydes with isopropyl group and a carbonyl group, exhibiting trigonal planar geometry around the carbon atom in the carbonyl group with sp² hybridization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common name for the organic compound with the structure [(CH3)2CHCHO] is isobutyraldehyde. Aldehydes are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. The common names for aldehydes are derived from the names of the corresponding carboxylic acids with modifications to the prefix. The prefix 'iso' signifies that the compound has a branched chain.
With the given structure, the compound has an isopropyl group (CH3)2CH- attached to a carbonyl group (CHO), hence the name isobutyraldehyde. Like other aldehydes, isobutyraldehyde exhibits a trigonal planar geometry around the carbon atom in the carbonyl group with sp² hybridization.
As with ethanal, known as acetaldehyde, where a methyl group (CH3) is attached to the carbonyl group, isobutyraldehyde has an additional carbon on the alkyl side chain, making it a derivative of the butyraldehyde where the primary structure is modified into a branched isomer. Aldehydes are important in various applications including the manufacturing of perfumes, flavorings, and solvents as well as in organic synthesis.