Final answer:
In the novel 'Holes,' Mr. Sir retaliates against Stanley Yelnats due to misunderstandings, for which Stanley is not at fault. In the other excerpts, characters similarly face blame or misunderstanding from those in positions of authority or with differing perspectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
How Mr. Sir gets back at Stanley is not directly mentioned in the excerpts provided, but if we refer to the novel "Holes" by Louis Sachar, Mr. Sir retaliates against Stanley Yelnats when he perceives Stanley has wronged him, although it's often not Stanley's fault.
For example, Mr. Sir becomes more hostile to Stanley after believing Stanley stole his sunflower seeds, despite Stanley being innocent. As for your second question, it's clear in the novel that Stanley was not at fault for the incidents with Mr. Sir, as they are usually misunderstandings or the actions of other characters.
Similarly, in the excerpt from Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," the narrator's sense of being wronged is due to his lack of understanding of the situation, rather than the frog's fault.
Mr. Covey's reaction to Frederick Douglass's illness, as recounted in Douglass's autobiography, is an example of how persons in positions of power abused their authority and blamed victims for their own suffering. In these classical texts, authors often highlight the injustice of blaming individuals for circumstances beyond their control, a recurrent theme that facilitates discussions on morality, justice, and human behavior.
On the other hand, the final excerpt from Susan Glaspell's play "Trifles," shows the women empathizing with Mrs. Wright's situation and subtly critiquing the men for their lack of understanding and compassion. The actions of the men can be seen as them assigning blame without full comprehension of Mrs. Wright's circumstances.