Final answer:
HIV progresses to AIDS when CD4 T-cell counts drop below 200 cells/µL or when opportunistic diseases develop. Seroconversion in early HIV disease shows a temporary immune response that eventually fails, leading to compromised adaptive immune functions. Treatment can manage HIV, but without it, the decline in CD4 T cells and the onset of AIDS-related symptoms pose a high risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding HIV Progression to AIDS
Progression from HIV to AIDS is determined through stages based on CD4 T-cell counts and the presence of clinical symptoms. The transition to AIDS is marked by a CD4 T-cell count falling below 200 cells/µL or when an individual develops opportunistic diseases, which are illnesses occurring in those with compromised immune systems. Stage 3, known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), signifies severe damage to the immune system, with symptoms including chills, fever, sweats, and weight loss.
During the initial phase of HIV disease commonly referred to as seroconversion, there's a rise in anti-HIV antibody levels coupled with a decline in measurable virus levels. Unfortunately, this response is ineffective at halting disease progression to AIDS, where all adaptive immune responses are substantially impaired. Without treatment, the number of CD4 helper T cells declines, adaptive immune functions fail, and the risk of opportunistic infections increases.
To monitor health, flow cytometry is used to determine CD4 helper T cell counts meticulously. This aids in treatment adjustments to prevent the dangerous decline of these essential immune cells. While treatments now exist to manage HIV, the untreated progression to AIDS remains a serious concern, particularly without access to these medical interventions.