Final answer:
Niels Bohr developed his atomic model by conducting the spectroscopy of hydrogen, which showed that electrons occupy specific energy levels. He improved on Rutherford's model by incorporating the concept of quantized energy levels and explained the discrete spectral lines observed in the hydrogen spectrum.
Step-by-step explanation:
Niels Bohr developed his model of the atom by building upon Rutherford's planetary model. To test his hypothesis, Bohr conducted an experiment known as the spectroscopy of hydrogen. He observed the spectrum of light emitted by hydrogen gas and found that it consisted of discrete lines rather than a continuous spectrum. This led him to propose that electrons in an atom can only occupy specific energy levels.
Bohr was able to improve on Rutherford's model by incorporating the concept of quantized energy levels. According to Bohr's model, electrons occupy specific orbits or energy levels around the nucleus. Each energy level corresponds to a different allowed distance from the nucleus, and electrons can transition between these levels by absorbing or emitting energy. This explained the discrete spectral lines observed in the hydrogen spectrum.