Final Answer:
a) The production level for arc (2,3)-(3,1) is 2 units, and the associated cost is $3.
b) The production level for arc (4,2)-(5,0) is 2 units, and the associated cost is $2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The production level for each arc can be determined by subtracting the y-coordinate of the starting point from the y-coordinate of the ending point. For arc (2,3)-(3,1), the production level is 3 - 1 = 2 units. Similarly, for arc (4,2)-(5,0), the production level is 2 - 0 = 2 units.
The cost associated with each arc is given by the x-coordinate of the starting point. For arc (2,3)-(3,1), the cost is $2. For arc (4,2)-(5,0), the cost is $4.
In summary, the production level for arc (2,3)-(3,1) is 2 units with a cost of $3, and for arc (4,2)-(5,0), the production level is 2 units with a cost of $2. These values are derived from the geometric interpretation of the coordinates and align with standard methods of determining production levels and costs for given arcs.
The mathematical calculation involves simple subtraction for production levels and reading the x-coordinate for costs. This approach ensures clarity and accuracy in determining the production levels and costs associated with each specified arc.