Final answer:
Geographic features such as the Atlas Mountains, the Nile River, and diverse climate zones have greatly influenced the types of crops grown and the agricultural output in Southwest Asia and North Africa; access to water remains a critical factor in these regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The geographic features that have influenced agricultural output in Southwest Asia and North Africa notably include the Atlas Mountains, the Nile River, and the differentiated climate zones. The Atlas Mountains in the Maghreb region contribute to a diverse array of food production due to the moderate type C climate and fertile valleys, supporting crops like grapes, dates, oranges, and olives. The stretch of land along the Mediterranean coast and the Nile River is where most of the population resides, benefiting from a mild climate with sufficient rainfall for growing grains such as wheat and barley. However, the presence of vast arid landscapes, like the Sahara Desert, necessitates water harnessing through engineering to support agriculture in less hospitable regions. The availability of significant natural resources, particularly oil, has also impacted the economic activities related to agriculture and the overall economy in these regions.