Final answer:
The existence of encroachments on neighboring properties is NOT usually included in an appraisal report.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d. The existence of encroachments on neighboring properties. An appraisal report is a document prepared by a professional appraiser to provide an unbiased and objective evaluation of a property's value. It typically includes a description of the property, a discussion of the property's condition, and an explanation of the methodology used to determine its value. However, the existence of encroachments on neighboring properties would not typically be included in an appraisal report, as it is not directly relevant to the value of the property being appraised.