Final answer:
Boys typically engage in higher levels of rough-and-tumble play due to cultural and societal norms that encourage more aggressive behavior and freedom, and parental reinforcement of gender-appropriate activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Boys generally engage in higher levels of rough-and-tumble play than girls, which may be associated with traditional gender roles and cultural expectations. Studies have shown that boys exhibit more aggressive behavior, partly due to cultural influences and societal norms; for example, when boys in a Kenyan village performed more traditionally feminine tasks, they showed up to 60 percent less aggression.
Additionally, social structures and family expectations contribute to the distinctions in play and behavior between genders. Fathers often encourage sons to partake in gender-appropriate activities like sports, and boys are given a greater degree of freedom in their actions and are subject to fewer restrictions, leading to more rough-and-tumble play. Conversely, girls are commonly encouraged to follow rules and partake in activities that cultivate nurturing and obedience, which may not include aggressive play.