Final answer:
By age five, children are able to count past 20 and sometimes up to 100, indicating advanced numerical cognition for their age group. Their ability to count in their head and recognize numerals is a testament to their early mathematical learning and cognitive development.
Step-by-step explanation:
By age five, children typically exhibit significant progress in their cognitive development, which includes their ability to count. Children in this age group can often count past 20 and up to 100 by ones and may begin to understand counting by multiples, such as twos or fives, as observed in many studies and educational frameworks. This ability to count in their head reflects their growing understanding of numbers and quantities, a fundamental skill in early mathematics learning. It is also noted that these children can generally recognize numerals one to ten, a precursor to more advanced numeracy skills.
Furthermore, as children engage in preschool activities, they not only refine their counting skills but also begin to comprehend basic mathematical concepts, such as sorting objects by color or shape and placing objects in order by size. The foundations laid at this stage are vital for their future success in mathematics learning.